Vilis HāznersDOJ INS Post-Trial Brief—Annotated

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INA §241(a)(1) [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   4]
2. RRA §7(b) [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   5]
3. RRA §14(b) [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   5]

1. Historical Background [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   6]
2. Riga - July, 1941 [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   7]
3. Gogol Street [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   9]
4. The Ghetto [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]

1. July 1-5, 1941 [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   13]
2. July 6-9, 1941 [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   15]
3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   16]
   1. At Meierovics Street [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      16]
   2. Annas Street [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      19]

      (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [
      TABLE OF CONTENTS
       Introduction 1
       II. The Allegations 1
       II. Legal Grounds for Deportation 3
      INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      RRA §7(b) [5]
      RRA §14(b) [5]
       III. The Government's Case 6
      Historical Background [6]
      Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      Gogol Street [9]
      The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
       IV. The Respondent's Alibi 13
      July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      At Meierovics Street [16]
      Annas Street [19]
      (a)   What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]   (b)   Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]
       V. Issues of Fact 22
      The Prefecture [22]
      The Ghetto Gate [23]
       VI. Identification 25
      Photospreads and due process [25]
      Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      Degree of attention [27]
      Accuracy of prior description [28]
      Level of certainty [28]
      Time [29]
      Identification of the Respondent [31]
      In-Court [31]
      Pre-trial [32]
      Photospreads [33]
       VII. Conclusion 35
      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]
      19]
      (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [
      TABLE OF CONTENTS
       Introduction 1
       II. The Allegations 1
       II. Legal Grounds for Deportation 3
      INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      RRA §7(b) [5]
      RRA §14(b) [5]
       III. The Government's Case 6
      Historical Background [6]
      Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      Gogol Street [9]
      The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
       IV. The Respondent's Alibi 13
      July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      At Meierovics Street [16]
      Annas Street [19]
      (a)   What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]   (b)   Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]
       V. Issues of Fact 22
      The Prefecture [22]
      The Ghetto Gate [23]
       VI. Identification 25
      Photospreads and due process [25]
      Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      Degree of attention [27]
      Accuracy of prior description [28]
      Level of certainty [28]
      Time [29]
      Identification of the Respondent [31]
      In-Court [31]
      Pre-trial [32]
      Photospreads [33]
       VII. Conclusion 35
      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]
      21]

1. The Prefecture [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   22]
2. The Ghetto Gate [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   23]

1. Photospreads and due process [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   25]
   1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      28]
   2. Degree of attention [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      27]
   3. Accuracy of prior description [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      28]
   4. Level of certainty [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      28]
   5. Time [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      29]
2. Identification of the Respondent [

   TABLE OF CONTENTS

   

   Introduction

   1

   

   II. The Allegations

   1

   

   II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

   3

   1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
   2. RRA §7(b) [5]
   3. RRA §14(b) [5]
   

   III. The Government's Case

   6

   1. Historical Background [6]
   2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
   3. Gogol Street [9]
   4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
   

   IV. The Respondent's Alibi

   13

   1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
   2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
   3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
      1. At Meierovics Street [16]
      2. Annas Street [19]

         (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
         (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

   

   V. Issues of Fact

   22

   1. The Prefecture [22]
   2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
   

   VI. Identification

   25

   1. Photospreads and due process [25]
      1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
      2. Degree of attention [27]
      3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
      4. Level of certainty [28]
      5. Time [29]
   2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
      1. In-Court [31]
      2. Pre-trial [32]
      3. Photospreads [33]
   

   VII. Conclusion

   35

   Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

   31]
   1. In-Court [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      31]
   2. Pre-trial [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      32]
   3. Photospreads [

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      

      Introduction

      1

      

      II. The Allegations

      1

      

      II. Legal Grounds for Deportation

      3

      1. INA §241(a)(1) [4]
      2. RRA §7(b) [5]
      3. RRA §14(b) [5]
      

      III. The Government's Case

      6

      1. Historical Background [6]
      2. Riga - July, 1941 [7]
      3. Gogol Street [9]
      4. The Ghetto [11—starts at top of page, heading missing in original]
      

      IV. The Respondent's Alibi

      13

      1. July 1-5, 1941 [13]
      2. July 6-9, 1941 [15]
      3. July 10, 1941 - October, 1942 [16]
         1. At Meierovics Street [16]
         2. Annas Street [19]

            (a)	What was the Schutzmannschaft? [19]
            (b)	Hazners' function at Annas Street [21]

      

      V. Issues of Fact

      22

      1. The Prefecture [22]
      2. The Ghetto Gate [23]
      

      VI. Identification

      25

      1. Photospreads and due process [25]
         1. Opportunity to view the perpetrator [28]
         2. Degree of attention [27]
         3. Accuracy of prior description [28]
         4. Level of certainty [28]
         5. Time [29]
      2. Identification of the Respondent [31]
         1. In-Court [31]
         2. Pre-trial [32]
         3. Photospreads [33]
      

      VII. Conclusion

      35

      Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]

      33]

Appendix A: Map of Latvia [Not reproduced.]